@article{grech2026, title={Achieving fast and robust perfect entangling gates via reinforcement learning}, volume={11}, ISSN={2058-9565}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ae2c16}, DOI={10.1088/2058-9565/ae2c16}, number={1}, journal={Quantum Science and Technology}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Grech, Leander and Krauss, Matthias G and Consiglio, Mirko and Apollaro, Tony J G and Koch, Christiane P and Hirlaender, Simon and Valentino, Gianluca}, year={2025}, month=Dec, pages={015030} }

@article{mckay2016, title={Universal Gate for Fixed-Frequency Qubits via a Tunable Bus}, volume={6}, ISSN={2331-7019}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.064007}, DOI={10.1103/physrevapplied.6.064007}, number={6}, journal={Physical Review Applied}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={McKay, David C. and Filipp, Stefan and Mezzacapo, Antonio and Magesan, Easwar and Chow, Jerry M. and Gambetta, Jay M.}, year={2016}, month=Dec }

@article{mckay2017, title={Efficient
                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=“http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML”>
                      <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi>
                    </mml:math>
                    gates for quantum computing}, volume={96}, ISSN={2469-9934}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.96.022330}, DOI={10.1103/physreva.96.022330}, number={2}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={McKay, David C. and Wood, Christopher J. and Sheldon, Sarah and Chow, Jerry M. and Gambetta, Jay M.}, year={2017}, month=Aug }

@article{childs2003, title={Lower bounds on the complexity of simulating quantum gates}, volume={68}, ISSN={1094-1622}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.68.052311}, DOI={10.1103/physreva.68.052311}, number={5}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Childs, Andrew M. and Haselgrove, Henry L. and Nielsen, Michael A.}, year={2003}, month=Nov }

@article{pedersen2007, title={Fidelity of quantum operations}, volume={367}, ISSN={0375-9601}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2007.02.069}, DOI={10.1016/j.physleta.2007.02.069}, number={1-2}, journal={Physics Letters A}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Pedersen, Line Hjortshøj and Møller, Niels Martin and Mølmer, Klaus}, year={2007}, month=July, pages={47–51} }

@article{watts2015, title={Optimizing for an arbitrary perfect entangler. I. Functionals}, volume={91}, ISSN={1094-1622}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.062306}, DOI={10.1103/physreva.91.062306}, number={6}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Watts, Paul and Vala, Jiří and Müller, Matthias M. and Calarco, Tommaso and Whaley, K. Birgitta and Reich, Daniel M. and Goerz, Michael H. and Koch, Christiane P.}, year={2015}, month=June }

@article{yan2018, title={Tunable Coupling Scheme for Implementing High-Fidelity Two-Qubit Gates}, volume={10}, ISSN={2331-7019}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.10.054062}, DOI={10.1103/physrevapplied.10.054062}, number={5}, journal={Physical Review Applied}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Yan, Fei and Krantz, Philip and Sung, Youngkyu and Kjaergaard, Morten and Campbell, Daniel L. and Orlando, Terry P. and Gustavsson, Simon and Oliver, William D.}, year={2018}, month=Nov }

@article{sung2021, title={Realization of High-Fidelity CZ and
                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=“http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” display=“inline”>
                      <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi>
                      <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi>
                    </mml:math>
                    -Free iSWAP Gates with a Tunable Coupler}, volume={11}, ISSN={2160-3308}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.021058}, DOI={10.1103/physrevx.11.021058}, number={2}, journal={Physical Review X}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Sung, Youngkyu and Ding, Leon and Braumüller, Jochen and Vepsäläinen, Antti and Kannan, Bharath and Kjaergaard, Morten and Greene, Ami and Samach, Gabriel O. and McNally, Chris and Kim, David and Melville, Alexander and Niedzielski, Bethany M. and Schwartz, Mollie E. and Yoder, Jonilyn L. and Orlando, Terry P. and Gustavsson, Simon and Oliver, William D.}, year={2021}, month=June }

@article{ding2023, title={High-Fidelity, Frequency-Flexible Two-Qubit Fluxonium Gates with a Transmon Coupler}, volume={13}, ISSN={2160-3308}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.13.031035}, DOI={10.1103/physrevx.13.031035}, number={3}, journal={Physical Review X}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Ding, Leon and Hays, Max and Sung, Youngkyu and Kannan, Bharath and An, Junyoung and Di Paolo, Agustin and Karamlou, Amir H. and Hazard, Thomas M. and Azar, Kate and Kim, David K. and Niedzielski, Bethany M. and Melville, Alexander and Schwartz, Mollie E. and Yoder, Jonilyn L. and Orlando, Terry P. and Gustavsson, Simon and Grover, Jeffrey A. and Serniak, Kyle and Oliver, William D.}, year={2023}, month=Sept }

@article{li2024, title={Realization of High-Fidelity CZ Gate Based on a Double-Transmon Coupler}, volume={14}, ISSN={2160-3308}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.041050}, DOI={10.1103/physrevx.14.041050}, number={4}, journal={Physical Review X}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Li, Rui and Kubo, Kentaro and Ho, Yinghao and Yan, Zhiguang and Nakamura, Yasunobu and Goto, Hayato}, year={2024}, month=Nov }

@article{sarma2025, title={Designing fast quantum gates using optimal control with a reinforcement-learning ansatz}, volume={23}, ISSN={2331-7019}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.014015}, DOI={10.1103/physrevapplied.23.014015}, number={1}, journal={Physical Review Applied}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Sarma, Bijita and Hartmann, Michael J.}, year={2025}, month=Jan }

@article{burnett2019, title={Decoherence benchmarking of superconducting qubits}, volume={5}, ISSN={2056-6387}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0168-5}, DOI={10.1038/s41534-019-0168-5}, number={1}, journal={npj Quantum Information}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Burnett, Jonathan J. and Bengtsson, Andreas and Scigliuzzo, Marco and Niepce, David and Kudra, Marina and Delsing, Per and Bylander, Jonas}, year={2019}, month=June }

@article{schlor2019, title={Correlating Decoherence in Transmon Qubits: Low Frequency Noise by Single Fluctuators}, volume={123}, ISSN={1079-7114}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.190502}, DOI={10.1103/physrevlett.123.190502}, number={19}, journal={Physical Review Letters}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Schlör, Steffen and Lisenfeld, Jürgen and Müller, Clemens and Bilmes, Alexander and Schneider, Andre and Pappas, David P. and Ustinov, Alexey V. and Weides, Martin}, year={2019}, month=Nov }

@article{zhang2022, title={High-performance superconducting quantum processors via laser annealing of transmon qubits}, volume={8}, ISSN={2375-2548}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi6690}, DOI={10.1126/sciadv.abi6690}, number={19}, journal={Science Advances}, publisher={American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}, author={Zhang, Eric J. and Srinivasan, Srikanth and Sundaresan, Neereja and Bogorin, Daniela F. and Martin, Yves and Hertzberg, Jared B. and Timmerwilke, John and Pritchett, Emily J. and Yau, Jeng-Bang and Wang, Cindy and Landers, William and Lewandowski, Eric P. and Narasgond, Adinath and Rosenblatt, Sami and Keefe, George A. and Lauer, Isaac and Rothwell, Mary Beth and McClure, Douglas T. and Dial, Oliver E. and Orcutt, Jason S. and Brink, Markus and Chow, Jerry M.}, year={2022}, month=May }

@misc{dhieb2025,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2512.18037},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.18037},
  author = {Dhieb, Chawki and Weber, Johannes and Taubenberger, Samuel and Guizan, Carla Moran and Lang, Simon J. K. and Luo, Zhen and Music, Emir and Maiwald, Alwin and Lerch, Wilfried and Nebrich, Lars and Tornow, Marc and Mayer, Thomas and Zahn, Daniela and Pereira, Rui N. and Kutter, Christoph},
  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), FOS: Physical sciences},
  title = {Stability studies on subtractively-fabricated CMOS-compatible superconducting transmon qubits},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2025},
  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@article{groszkowski2021, title={Scqubits: a Python package for superconducting qubits}, volume={5}, ISSN={2521-327X}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-11-17-583}, DOI={10.22331/q-2021-11-17-583}, journal={Quantum}, publisher={Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften}, author={Groszkowski, Peter and Koch, Jens}, year={2021}, month=Nov, pages={583} }

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@article{wu2018, title={Data-driven gradient algorithm for high-precision quantum control}, volume={97}, ISSN={2469-9934}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.042122}, DOI={10.1103/physreva.97.042122}, number={4}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Wu, Re-Bing and Chu, Bing and Owens, David H. and Rabitz, Herschel}, year={2018}, month=Apr }

@article{schuld2019, title={Evaluating analytic gradients on quantum hardware}, volume={99}, ISSN={2469-9934}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.032331}, DOI={10.1103/physreva.99.032331}, number={3}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Schuld, Maria and Bergholm, Ville and Gogolin, Christian and Izaac, Josh and Killoran, Nathan}, year={2019}, month=Mar }

@misc{kelly2018,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.1803.03226},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.03226},
  author = {Kelly, Julian and O'Malley, Peter and Neeley, Matthew and Neven, Hartmut and Martinis, John M.},
  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences},
  title = {Physical qubit calibration on a directed acyclic graph},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2018},
  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@article{proctor2020, title={Detecting and tracking drift in quantum information processors}, volume={11}, ISSN={2041-1723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19074-4}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-020-19074-4}, number={1}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Proctor, Timothy and Revelle, Melissa and Nielsen, Erik and Rudinger, Kenneth and Lobser, Daniel and Maunz, Peter and Blume-Kohout, Robin and Young, Kevin}, year={2020}, month=Oct }

@article{klimov2024, title={Optimizing quantum gates towards the scale of logical qubits}, volume={15}, ISSN={2041-1723}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46623-y}, DOI={10.1038/s41467-024-46623-y}, number={1}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Klimov, Paul V. and Bengtsson, Andreas and Quintana, Chris and Bourassa, Alexandre and Hong, Sabrina and Dunsworth, Andrew and Satzinger, Kevin J. and Livingston, William P. and Sivak, Volodymyr and Niu, Murphy Yuezhen and Andersen, Trond I. and Zhang, Yaxing and Chik, Desmond and Chen, Zijun and Neill, Charles and Erickson, Catherine and Grajales Dau, Alejandro and Megrant, Anthony and Roushan, Pedram and Korotkov, Alexander N. and Kelly, Julian and Smelyanskiy, Vadim and Chen, Yu and Neven, Hartmut}, year={2024}, month=Mar }

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@article{dai2021, title={Calibration of Flux Crosstalk in Large-Scale Flux-Tunable Superconducting Quantum Circuits}, volume={2}, ISSN={2691-3399}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.040313}, DOI={10.1103/prxquantum.2.040313}, number={4}, journal={PRX Quantum}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Dai, X. and Tennant, D.M. and Trappen, R. and Martinez, A.J. and Melanson, D. and Yurtalan, M.A. and Tang, Y. and Novikov, S. and Grover, J.A. and Disseler, S.M. and Basham, J.I. and Das, R. and Kim, D.K. and Melville, A.J. and Niedzielski, B.M. and Weber, S.J. and Yoder, J.L. and Lidar, D.A. and Lupascu, A.}, year={2021}, month=Oct }

@article{lembono2020, title={Memory of Motion for Warm-Starting Trajectory Optimization}, volume={5}, ISSN={2377-3774}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2020.2972893}, DOI={10.1109/lra.2020.2972893}, number={2}, journal={IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters}, publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)}, author={Lembono, Teguh Santoso and Paolillo, Antonio and Pignat, Emmanuel and Calinon, Sylvain}, year={2020}, month=Apr, pages={2594–2601} }

@misc{cheng2020,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2003.00376},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.00376},
  author = {Cheng, Jinglei and Deng, Haoqing and Qian, Xuehai},
  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences},
  title = {AccQOC: Accelerating Quantum Optimal Control Based Pulse Generation},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2020},
  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@misc{kiermeyer2026,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2606.24507},
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  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences},
  title = {Uncovering Latent Structures in Robust Pulse Sequences: A Model-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach for Adaptable Quantum Control},
  publisher = {arXiv},
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  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International}
}

@misc{luchi2026,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2606.02014},
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  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, FOS: Physical sciences},
  title = {Lie Algebra-Based Quantum Optimal Controls Interpolation},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@misc{malarchick2026,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2605.15233},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.15233},
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  keywords = {Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Emerging Technologies (cs.ET), FOS: Physical sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
  title = {Measuring Control-Plane Openness in Near-Term Quantum Computing: A Rubric, Its Validation, and an Application to Thirteen Vendor Stacks},
  publisher = {arXiv},
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  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International}
}

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  keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
  title = {Trust Region Policy Optimization},
  publisher = {arXiv},
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  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@misc{schulman2017,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.1707.06347},
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  keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
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  publisher = {arXiv},
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  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
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@misc{schulman2015gae,
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}

@misc{oh2018,
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  title = {Self-Imitation Learning},
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}

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@misc{hansen2016,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.1604.00772},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.00772},
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  keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), Machine Learning (stat.ML), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
  title = {The CMA Evolution Strategy: A Tutorial},
  publisher = {arXiv},
  year = {2016},
  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
}

@misc{grimm2020,
  doi = {10.48550/ARXIV.2011.03506},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.03506},
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  keywords = {Machine Learning (cs.LG), Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, FOS: Computer and information sciences},
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  copyright = {arXiv.org perpetual, non-exclusive license}
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@inbook{sutton1990, title={Integrated Architectures for Learning, Planning, and Reacting Based on Approximating Dynamic Programming}, ISBN={9781558601413}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-55860-141-3.50030-4}, DOI={10.1016/b978-1-55860-141-3.50030-4}, booktitle={Machine Learning Proceedings 1990}, publisher={Elsevier}, author={Sutton, Richard S.}, year={1990}, pages={216–224} }